 Outline of Analysis
| Dillingham Census Area vs. Alaska Comparative Trends Analysis: Total Personal Income Growth and Change, 1969-2022 Introduction  Dillingham Census Area: 2022 TPI = $287,650K 2022 Percent of State = 0.57% Alaska: 2022 TPI = $50,349,667K 2022 Percent of U.S. = 0.23% The annual total personal incomes (TPI) estimates compiled by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, (BEA) are among the most comprehensive, consistent, comparable and timely measures of economic activity available statewide and at the national levels. Personal income estimates are also the best available local level indicator of general purchasing power, and are therefore central to tracking and comparing county patterns of economic growth and change. The following graphs highlight trends in the pattern of growth and change in the total personal income of the Dillingham Census Area and Alaska with comparison to the nation. The data used are those compiled by the Regional Income and Product Divisions of the Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce. The 2017 constant dollar (real) estimates of total personal income reported in the tables and portrayed graphically below are determined using the Implicit Price Deflator for Personal Consumption. Data Definition: Personal income is the income received by persons from participation in production, plus transfer receipts from government and business, plus government interest (which is treated like a transfer receipt). It is defined as the sum of wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, proprietors' income with inventory valuation and capital consumption adjustments, rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment, personal dividend income, personal interest income, and personal current transfer receipts, less contributions for government social insurance. Because the personal income of an area represents the income that is received by, or on behalf of, all the persons who live in that area, and because the estimates of some components of personal income (wages and salaries, supplements to wages and salaries, and contributions for government social insurance) are made on a place-of-work basis, state personal income includes an adjustment for residence. The residence adjustment represents the net flow of compensation (less contributions for government social insurance) of interstate commuters. Dillingham Census Area Total Personal Income, 1980-2022 Current vs. Constant Dollars (Millions)  Figure 1. Figure 1 depicts the Dillingham Census Area's annual total personal income over 1980-2022 in current and constant (2017) dollars. Constant dollar measurements remove the effects of inflation. They allow for comparison of changes in the real purchasing power of the Dillingham Census Area over time. When measured in current dollars, the Dillingham Census Area's total personal income increased 462.74%, from $51M in 1980 to $288M in 2022. When measured in constant 2017 dollars to adjust for inflation, it advanced 88.78%, from $131M in 1980 to $248M in 2022. Real Total Personal Income, 1979-2022 (Millions)  Figure 2. Figure 2 traces the Dillingham Census Area's and Alaska's annual real total personal income for the period 1979-2022 to illustrate real total personal income patterns over time. During this 44-year period, the Dillingham Census Area's real total personal income rose from $127M in 1979 to $248M in 2022, for a net gain of $120M, or 94.52%. In comparison, Alaska's real total personal income advanced from $15,782M in 1979 to $43,389M in 2022, for a net gain of $27,606M, or 174.92%. Real Total Personal Income Indices (1979=100): 1979-2022  Figure 3. Figure 3 portrays the Dillingham Census Area's real total personal income growth in a broader context by offering direct comparisons across time with Alaska, the United States. The growth indices shown here express each region's real total personal income in 1979 as a base figure of 100, and the real total personal incomes in later years as a percentage of the 1979 base figure. This method allows for more direct comparison of differences in real total personal income growth between regions that may differ vastly in size. The Dillingham Census Area's overall real total personal income growth was 94.52% over 1979-2022 trailed Alaska's increase of 174.92%, and fell below the United States' increase of 218.73%. Total Personal Income as a Percent of the Alaska Total: 1979-2022  Figure 4. Another interesting and insightful way of highlighting the total personal income growth of the Dillingham Census Area is to compare its individual percentage contributions to Alaska's statewide total personal income over time, as shown in Figure 4. A rising share means a region's total personal income grew faster, or declined less, than Alaska's total personal income, while a declining share shows it grew more slowly. In 1979, the Dillingham Census Area's total personal income comprised 0.81% of Alaska's total personal income, while in 2022 it equated to 0.57% thereby yielding a -0.24% share-shift.
Dillingham Census Area Real Total Personal Income: Annual Percent Change, 1980-2022  Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the short-run pattern of the Dillingham Census Area's real total personal income growth by tracking the year-to-year percent change over 1980-2022. The average annual percent change for the entire 43-year period is also traced on this chart to provide a benchmark for gauging periods of relative high--and relative low--growth against the backdrop of the long-term average. On average, the Dillingham Census Area's real total personal income grew at an annual rate of 1.79% over 1980-2022. The census area recorded its highest growth in 1985 (27.12%) and recorded its lowest growth in 1991 (-14.22%). In 2022, the Dillingham Census Area's real total personal income declined by -1.92% Dillingham Census Area Real Total Personal Income: Annual Percent Change and Decade Averages Over 1980-2022  Figure 6. Over the past five decades some census areas have experienced extreme swings in growth, and often such swings have tended to coincide with the decades themselves. Figure 6 again depicts the annual percent change in the Dillingham Census Area's real total personal income since 1980, but this time they are displayed with average growth rates for the decade of the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s, and 2020-2022. During the 1980s, the Dillingham Census Area's annual real total personal income growth rate averaged 4.51%. It averaged -0.07% during the 1990s, 1.45% during the 2000s, 2.76% in the 2010s, -3.25% thus far this decade (2020-2022). Real Total Personal Income Growth: Average Annual Percent Change by Decade  Figure 7. Figure 7 compares the decade average growth rates for the Dillingham Census Area noted in the previous graph with the corresponding decade averages for Alaska and the nation. As the chart reveals, the Dillingham Census Area's average annual real total personal income growth recorded above Alaska's average during the 1980s (4.51% vs. 3.11%), fell below Alaska's average throughout the 1990s (-0.07% vs. 2.09%), fell below Alaska's average during the 2000s (1.45% vs. 3.64%), outperformed Alaska's average throughout the 2010s (2.76% vs. 1.52%), and trailed Alaska's average over the 3 year period of the current decade, 2020-2022 (-3.25% vs. 0.32%). Finally, relative to nationwide real total personal income growth trends, the Dillingham Census Area outpaced the nation throughout the 1980s (4.51% vs. 3.16%), posted below the nation over the 1990s (-0.07% vs. 3.27%), recorded underneath the nation throughout the 2000s (1.45% vs. 2.06%), outgained the nation in the 2010s (2.76% vs. 2.72%), and trailed the nation over 2020-2022 (-3.25% vs. 2.10%).
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